Curl for wigs



Dec. 27, 1955 J. FABRE CURL FOR WIGS Filed June 23, 1953 United StatesPatent CURL FOR WIGS Jules Fabre, Gaillac-sur-Tarn, France ApplicationJune 23, 1953, Serial No. 363,561

2 Claims. (Cl. 132-55) Scrolls, locks and ringlets can be regarded asbelonging to the oldest fashions in the art of hair-dressing. They havebeen made of natural hair both in scalp and periwig work.

As a consequence of the fact that no particular expedient or contrivancewas availed of to keep them in the curled shape, they would early loosenand repeatedly require the hair-dressers care although a lock is neverHeretofore, where such synthetic filaments were used,

a maximum strength or fixedness was conferred upon the threeaforementioned hair-dressing fashions with the aid of stitches.

The method according to the present invention, which aifords manyadvantages over the one including stitches and the purpose of which isto obtain coils made of rayon or like synthetic fibres and suitable asscrolls, locks or ringlets in hair-dressing are remarkable notablythereby that:

Firstly, a strand is made which includes one or several threads;

A core rod of suitable diameter and length is mounted on a frame aroundwhich the strand is to be wound;

A tape is suitably stretched or wound around said core rod which iscoated with an adhesive on its outside;

Contingently, one or thin yet strong threads made of a suitable materialare stretched along the core rod;

The strand is wound mechanically around the core rod by spinning thesame about its axis while traversing the intake end of the strand alongthe rod.

A single-thread strand is obtained by winding up the fibre as one singlethread around a reel. By winding off any desired number of threads fromas many reels a strand can be obtained having the desired thicknesssuited to the size of the periwig, the thickness of the individualthreads being likewise optional.

There is also shown a core rod around and along which the strand isexchangeable and mounted preferably horizontal. The core rod may be madeof glass, metal, plastic or like suitable material and its section maybe circular although in particular instances it may well be oval. Ofcourse, the diameter of the core rod depends upon that of the coil to beobtained; however, practically, its length should not exceed 3 meters.The rod may be solid or hollow and include one single or severalsections. It may be heated in any suitable manner.

In coiling the strand around the core rod a strand guide is used whichnormally is traversed in continuous motion, whereby ,the thread can becoiled in close turns on the rod. However, with certain fibres, areciprocated strand guide may also be utilized.

A particular embodiment of my invention will be described morespecifically hereinafter, reference being had to the appended drawing inwhich:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a machine suitable for the performanceof my invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view of the core rod.

Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a ringlet section.

Mounted on the bed 1 of the stock 3 and a tail-stock 4, movablelengthwise of the bed on guide rails 5, is a core rod 2 which is spun bymeans of a mechanism enclosed in the casing 6 and which also spins thelead screw 7. A thread-guide composed of a pair of idle rolls 8, 9, ofwhich the one is fixed while the other is pressed towards the same by aspring 10 is also shown. This thread guide is mounted on a carriage 11guided by said rails 5 and traversed with the aid of a nut 12cooperating with the lead screw 7; the filaments coming from the reel 13run through and are spread by the thread guide, after which they arewound up in uniformly spaced turns around the core rod 2.

Before the threads 14 are coiled around the core rod a tape 15 isstretched lengthwise of the same with its adhesive-coated side 16 turnedoutwards, contingently together with a number of threads as shown at 17in Fig. 2.

Preferably, the core rod is cut with a longitudinal slit 18 the purposeof which will be explained later on.

The mechanical laying of the threads as tightly-coiled turns leads tothe obtainment of hair-dressing attires in which lie parallel to oneanother the same as does the thread on a bobbin, which result has neverbeen achieved in the art of hair-dressing.

My method can be carried into effect as follows:

Prior to the mechanical feeding of the strand to the core rod 2which canbe started as soon as the latter is set and everything ready-a tape 15is laid and tightly stretched along a generatrix or a spiral line of therod with its adhesive-coated side turned outwards. Of course,

the width of the tape must be such that the fibre strand can easily befixed thereon.

Preferably, the inside of the tape is made of a slippery, e. g.cellulosic material in order to facilitate the subsequent stripping.

Moreover, a number of thin (e. g. 0.5 to 1 mm. gauge) plastic threads 17may be stretched along the core rod. Similar to the tape, said threadsshould be temporarily glued to the ends of the core rod.

Once the strand payed off by the reel and taken up by the rod is thusfixed on the tape or strip, a halffinished article is obtained.

Usually, and depending on the character of the fibres, a curl-settingtreatment must be performed, preparatory to which the articles should besoftened for a variable time in cold, warm or hot water to which soapyproducts may or may not be added, the said articles thereafter beingdried.

Next, the coil obtained must be stripped oif, a procedure which isfacilitated considerably by the provision of the aforementioned threads17 which can easily be pulled out one after the other.

Care must be taken not to allow the cellulosic material to stick to thecore rod, least of all where same is made of glass.

The coil thus obtained will come 01f as a nicely uniform ringlet of justthe same length as the core rod as shown in Fig. 3.

Since the coil is firmly held all over its length by the adhesive tape15, it can be fractioned anywhere and will none the more uncurl. It maybe applied directly to the machine between a headpasteboard or fabricbacking of a dolls scalp. Elfectively, since the adhesive-coated side ofthe tape 15 is turned downwards the outside, it is only necessary togently press the tape onto the backing to cause the excess adhesive onthe former to ooze into the latter. No stitching work is necessary,which involves a considerable saving in labour costs, in addition towhich the scroll can be arranged much more easily and accurately on thebacking.

The advantages to be derived from the application of my invention may besummarized as follows:

1. Scrolls, locks and ringlets are obtained in the bestfinished" state.

2. The products may be obtained in any desired shapes and lengths, whichopens the way to every kind of quickly-performed hair-dressing work.

3. The ringlet can be cut into sections without deteriorating the same.

4. Indeformable ringlets are obtained which can more readily be affixedto scalps of every kind.

5. In the performance of the method according to my invention it is onlynecessary to carefully apply it as Weilcombed spirals onto the core rod.

If this work were performed by hand it would not be possible to coil thefibres uniformly around the core rod however skilled the operator mightbe, and thicker sections would always be found in the work.

Coils obtained according to this new method are quite suitable in themanufacture of periwig including scrolls, locks or ringlets to be wornby persons or even animals, or set on such articles of manufacture asmanikins, statuettes, religious figures, busts, mascots, dolls, puppets,and

so on.

The tubular coil thus obtained on the core rod may thereafter be cutopen over its whole length, preferably along a generatrix close to theone edge of the supporting strip.

Preferably, in order to facilitate the slitting of the tubular coil, alongitudinal groove 18 of suitable width and depth is provided in thecore rod as a guide for a cutting tool which preferably is actuatedmechanically; of course,

the tubular coil may also be cut open in any suitable way after it hasbeen taken away.

By thus cutting the tubular coil along a generatrix of the same a fringeis obtained in which the hairs are kept substantially parallel to oneanother and, disregarding the curvature resulting from the coilingprocess, either at right angles or obliquely to the edge of the tapedepending on whether the latter'was laid straight or along a helicalline on the core rod.

In addition to the scrolls, locks and ringlets which can be obtained byleaving the coil uncut, various other fashions may be obtained after thesame has been cut open as explained, notably particular waving effects,carnival or stage periwigs,-false-beards and mustaches, dollsheaddresses, and so on.

It will be appreciated that simply by laying a number of hair-lined tapelengths in overlapping rows on a backing same can readily be coveredwith a fleece of readycurled hairs lending themselves to a great'manywaving effects.

It will also be appreciated that the hair thus applied in layers on abacking may subsequently be ironed out by any method well known in theart.

What I claim is:

1. A curl for hair-dressing purposes which consists of a synthetic fibrecoil the turns of which are held in close relation to and parallel withone another, and a tape having an adhesive coated surface, said tapebeing inside said coil, said surface being cemented to said turns tohold same in place.

2. The curl of claim 1 wherein the coil is cut along a line generallyparallel to the axis of said coil.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS714,457 Cunning Nov. 25, 1902 1,881,183 Griflith Oct. 4, 1932 2,283,626Freydberg May 19, 1942 2,328,085 Maccarini Aug. 31, 1943 2,501,644 Kraftet al. Mar. 21, 1950

